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<a href=3D"http:=
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<table style=3D"text-align: left;" border=3D"0" c=
ellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0">
<tr><td valign=3D"top"><table style=3D=
"text-align: left; width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom;" border=3D"0" cellp=
adding=3D"4" cellspacing=3D"0"> <tr><td style=3D"font-size: 16px; backgroun=
d-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 185px;"> <img src=3D"http://www=2Ealter=
natives-economiques=2Efr/pics/AE_HSPoche_grand=2Egif" alt=3D""> </td> <td s=
tyle=3D"width: 5px;">&nbsp;</td><td style=3D"width: 6px; vertical-align: to=
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"><br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09<font size=3D"6">Les grands auteurs <=
br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09de la pens=E9e =E9conomique</font><br=
>
=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09hors-s=E9rie poche n=B0 57<br>
=09=09=09=
=09=09=09=09=09=09</span><span style=3D"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdan=
a,sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 18px;">octobre 2012</span>=
</td></tr></table><br>
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t-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;">

En kiosque actuellement =
(12,50 euros) / <strong><a href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3D=
JKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5DL000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Commande en li=
gne</a>

</strong><br>
<br>
<i>Pour vous abonner =E0 nos lettres d'info=
rmation cliquez sur <a href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG=
02MXXXXX000CQA001X5DM000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">ce=A0lien,</a>

=
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JKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5DN000OPMP9&fguidv5=3D0000SI&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1111=
8">cliquez ici</a>

</i><br>
<br></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 5px; fo=
nt-size: 13px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; display: ta=
ble; width: 100%;">
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<a href=3D"http://tr=
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er=3D"0" hspace=3D"20" vspace=3D"5"></a>

</td>
<td valign=3D"top"><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 5px; font-size: 13px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Ver=
dana,sans-serif;"><span style=3D"font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; color:=
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=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5DP000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118" target=3D"_=
blank">Les grands auteurs de
 la pens=E9e =E9conomique</a>

 <br>
</str=
ong></span><br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09<font size=3D"3">D'Aristote =
=E0 Joseph Stiglitz, en passant par Ricardo, Milton Friedman ou James Tobin=
, ce hors-s=E9rie poche pr=E9sente la vie et les id=E9es ma=EEtresses de pr=
=E8s de <b><strong>80 </strong>grands penseurs de l'=E9conomie</b>=2E<br>
=
=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09

&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=
=09=09=09 Un outil indispensable pour s'y retrouver dans le maquis des =E9c=
onomistes=2E Un fabuleux r=E9sum=E9 en 336 pages de <b>25 si=E8cles de pens=
=E9e =E9conomique</b>=2E</font><br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09</div></td>=
</tr>
</table>

</div><div style=3D"margin-top: 5px; font-size: 13px; fo=
nt-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; display: table;" editorial=
=3D"">

<div style=3D"margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; border-botto=
m: 1px solid rgb(204, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,=
Verdana,sans-serif; color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Editorial</d=
iv><br>
<a name=3D"60959&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=
=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5DQ000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D0001086709=
6D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2E=
net/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5DR000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1=
1118">Comprendre les pens=E9es =E9conomiques</a>

&nbsp;<i>(article en ac=
c=E8s libre)</i><br>
<i>Christian Chavagneux, r=E9dacteur en chef adjoint =
d'Alternatives Economiques =09
=09=09=09=09
=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=
=09=09=09=09
=09=09=09=09
=09=09</i><br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09Gilles Dostal=
er (1946-2011), professeur d'=E9conomie =E0 l'universit=E9 du Qu=E9bec =E0 =
Montr=E9al (Uqam), est devenu un contributeur r=E9gulier d'Alternatives Eco=
nomiques =E0 partir de l'ann=E9e 2002=2E <a class=3D"font-size:13px; " href=
=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5DS000OPM=
P9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"> Lire=A0la=A0suite</a>

<br>
<a name=3D"In=
troduction" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000=
CQA001X5DT000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<div style=3D"margin-=
top: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 0, 0); fo=
nt-size: 18px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; color: rgb(=
204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Introduction</div><br>
<a name=3D"60960&id=
_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02=
MXXXXX000CQA001X5DU000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"=
font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXX=
XXX000CQA001X5DV000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Les rendez-vous de Gill=
es Dostaler</a>

&nbsp;<i>(article en acc=E8s libre)</i><br>
<i>=09=09=
=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09Marielle Cauchy=09=09
=09=09=09=09
=09=09=09=09=
=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09
=09=09=09=09
=09=09</i><br>
=09=09=09=09=09=
=09Durant presque une d=E9cennie, de concert avec Alternatives Economiques,=
 Gilles avait rendez-vous chaque mois avec les penseurs de l'=E9conomie, ta=
nt les pr=E9curseurs que les =E9conomistes contemporains=2E Cet engagement,=
 en marge de ses activit=E9s universitaires, il le remplissait avec ferveur=
=2E <a class=3D"font-size:13px; " href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx=
?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5DW000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"> Lire=
=A0la=A0suite</a>

<br>
<a name=3D"D=92Aristote =E0 Rosa Luxemburg" href=
=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5DX000OPM=
P9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<div style=3D"margin-top: 20px; margi=
n-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; f=
ont-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font=
-weight: bold;">D=92Aristote =E0 Rosa Luxemburg</div><br>
<a name=3D"41556=
&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKY=
G02MXXXXX000CQA001X5DY000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=
=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG0=
2MXXXXX000CQA001X5DZ000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Aristote et
 le po=
uvoir corrosif de l'argent</a>

&nbsp;<i>(article en acc=E8s libre)</i><b=
r>
=09=09=09=09=09=09Les r=E9flexions d'Aristote sur l'=E9conomie, la soci=
=E9t=E9 et la politique sont d'une richesse =E9tonnante=2E Que ce soit sur =
la division du travail, la d=E9termination de la valeur ou l'=E9mergence et=
 les fonctions de l'argent, ses th=E9ories annoncent l'=E9conomie moderne=
=2E <a class=3D"font-size:13px; " href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx=
?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5E0000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"> Lire=
=A0la=A0suite</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09<a name=
=3D"41871&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?=
GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5E1000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

=
<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=
=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5E2000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Thomas d'Aq=
uin et
 le p=E9ch=E9 de l'usure</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Intellectue=
l progressiste, pr=EAtre et conseiller du Prince, Thomas d'Aquin s'est penc=
h=E9 sur les questions =E9conomiques=2E Ses r=E9flexions sur
 la justice, =
les prix,
 le commerce et l'argent ont inspir=E9 de grands =E9conomistes c=
omme Keynes et Schumpeter=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"42175&id_publication=3D1=
170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X=
5E3000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;=
" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5E4=
000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Ibn Khaldoun, pionnier des sciences soc=
iales</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09Ibn Khaldoun a d=E9velopp=E9 une th=E9or=
ie de l'histoire centr=E9e sur les grands mouvements de la soci=E9t=E9=2E U=
ne v=E9ritable pens=E9e du d=E9veloppement, avec des r=E9flexions sur l'=E9=
conomie qui apparaissent =E0 la fois modernes et surprenantes=2E<br>
=09=
=09=09=09=09=09
<br>
<a name=3D"49680&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http=
://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5E5000OPMP9&mpvrs=
=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://=
tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5E6000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D=
00010867096D11118">Jean Bodin, penseur de
 la souverainet=E9 et de
 la mo=
nnaie</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Grand =E9rudit, Jean Bodin a =E9tabli
=

 la premi=E8re formulation moderne d'une th=E9orie de l'Etat et fix=E9 les=
 r=E8gles de
 la critique historique=2E En =E9conomie, il est consid=E9r=
=E9 comme
 le p=E8re de
 la th=E9orie quantitative de
 la monnaie=2E<br>=

<br>
<a name=3D"42646&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=
=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5E7000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D0001086709=
6D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2E=
net/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5E8000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1=
1118">Antoine de Montchrestien, inventeur de l'=E9conomie politique</a>
<b=
r>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Economiste et =E9crivain, Antoine de Montchrestien =
est
 un repr=E9sentant =E9loquent de l'=E9cole mercantiliste=2E Dans son a=
nalyse, o=F9 =E9conomie et politique font jeu =E9gal,
 le commerce s'impos=
e comme
 le moyen privil=E9gi=E9 pour assurer
 la puissance de l'Etat et
=

 la stabilit=E9 du corps social=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"42841&id_publicat=
ion=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000=
CQA001X5E9000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size=
: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA=
001X5EA000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Thomas Mun, incarnation du merca=
ntilisme</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Dirigeant de
 la Compagnie des Ind=
es orientales et repr=E9sentant embl=E9matique du mercantilisme, Thomas Mun=
 fait du surplus commercial
 la source de
 la richesse de l'Etat, car il =
stimule l'activit=E9 =E9conomique=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"43253&id_publica=
tion=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX00=
0CQA001X5EB000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-siz=
e: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQ=
A001X5EC000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">William Petty, pr=E9curseur de =
l'=E9conom=E9trie</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Membre actif de
 la Soci=
=E9t=E9 royale, William Petty applique aux ph=E9nom=E8nes sociaux une m=E9t=
hode d'observation et d'exp=E9rimentation=2E Cette approche domine depuis p=
lus de trois si=E8cles
 la pens=E9e =E9conomique=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"=
43844&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=
=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5ED000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a =
style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3D=
JKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EE000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Arai Hakuseki,=
 r=E9formateur au pays du Soleil-Levant</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Sava=
nt encyclop=E9diste et conseiller du prince, Arai Hakuseki va assainir
 le=
 syst=E8me mon=E9taire d=E9grad=E9 du Japon du XVIIIe si=E8cle et pr=F4ner =
l'encadrement du commerce ext=E9rieur=2E Une approche =E0
 la fois rigoris=
te de
 la monnaie et autarcique de l'=E9conomie=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"4=
4139&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=
=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EF000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a =
style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3D=
JKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EG000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Pierre Le Pesa=
nt, sieur de Boisguilbert, p=E8re de l'=E9conomie lib=E9rale en France</a>
=

<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Homme-orchestre, =E9conomiste anticolbertiste, P=
ierre de Boisguilbert est l'un des fondateurs de l'=E9conomie politique cla=
ssique=2E Ses =E9crits, instruments de combat politique, d=E9veloppent des =
analyses souvent stup=E9fiantes de modernit=E9=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"459=
46&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJ=
KYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EH000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a styl=
e=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG=
02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EI000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Richard Cantillon,=
 th=E9oricien mon=E9taire majeur du XVIIe si=E8cle</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=
=09=09
Homme cosmopolite, banquier et sp=E9culateur, Richard Cantillon s'e=
st interrog=E9 sur
 la diff=E9rence entre
 la valeur des biens et leur pr=
ix=2E Son analyse de
 la monnaie en fait
 un penseur essentiel de son =E9=
poque=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"47166&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://=
tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EJ000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D=
00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=
=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EK000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000=
10867096D11118">John Locke, ap=F4tre d'un lib=E9ralisme int=E9gral</a>
<br=
>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Philosophe majeur, intellectuel polyvalent, homme d'=
action, John Locke s'impose comme l'un des plus grands th=E9oriciens du lib=
=E9ralisme=2E D=E9fenseur de
 la libert=E9 =E9conomique et du droit de pro=
pri=E9t=E9, il n'=E9tait cependant pas
 un partisan du laisser-faire=2E<br=
>
<br>
<a name=3D"47633&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=
=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EL000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D0001086709=
6D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2E=
net/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EM000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1=
1118">David Hume, de
 la nature humaine =E0 l'=E9talon-or</a>
<br>
=09=
=09=09=09=09=09
Philosophe et =E9conomiste, David Hume a remis en cause
 =
le rationalisme dogmatique et d=E9fendu une m=E9thode exp=E9rimentale de ra=
isonnement=2E Adepte du libre-=E9change, sa th=E8se sur
 le commerce a pos=
=E9
 le fondement th=E9orique du syst=E8me de l'=E9talon-or=2E<br>
<br>
=
<a name=3D"48453&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=
=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EN000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">=
</a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2E=
aspx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EO000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Fer=
dinando Galiani contre
 le dogmatisme =E9conomique</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=
=09=09
Erudit pr=E9coce, Galiani s'int=E9resse tr=E8s t=F4t au statut de
=
 la monnaie=2E Il s'attaque aux th=E8ses qui pr=F4nent
 le laisser-faire=
=2E Et condamne
 la "secte" des =E9conomistes qui croit =E0 l'existence de=
 lois universelles des affaires humaines=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"48741&id_=
publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02M=
XXXXX000CQA001X5EP000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"f=
ont-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXX=
XX000CQA001X5EQ000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Turgot, th=E9oricien du =
capitalisme, avocat du lib=E9ralisme</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Th=E9or=
icien d'un capitalisme d'avant-garde, Turgot, nomm=E9 contr=F4leur g=E9n=E9=
ral des finances par Louis XVI, =E9choua dans sa tentative pour appliquer s=
on programme =E9conomique lib=E9ral =E0
 la France=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=
=3D"49320&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?=
GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5ER000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

=
<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=
=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5ES000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">James Steua=
rt,
 le combat perdu contre Adam Smith</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Pr=
=E9curseur =E9cossais de l'=E9conomie politique, James Steuart est l'auteur=
 d'un ouvrage consid=E9r=E9 comme
 le premier trait=E9 d'=E9conomie=2E Vit=
e enterr=E9 par son contemporain Adam Smith, qui ne daigna pas en faire men=
tion dans
 la "Richesse des nations"=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"50251&id_pub=
lication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXX=
XX000CQA001X5ET000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font=
-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX0=
00CQA001X5EU000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Bernard Mandeville, vices p=
riv=E9s et vertus publiques</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Surtout connu po=
ur sa Fable des abeilles, Bernard Mandeville est consid=E9r=E9 comme
 un p=
r=E9curseur du laisser-faire=2E Mais il a influenc=E9 des auteurs aussi dif=
f=E9rents que Marx, Keynes ou Hayek=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"50979&id_publi=
cation=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX=
000CQA001X5EV000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-s=
ize: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000=
CQA001X5EW000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Montesquieu ou l'anatomie de
=

 la soci=E9t=E9 et du pouvoir</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Ecrivain, his=
torien et philosophe, Montesquieu s'est oppos=E9 =E0 l'id=E9e selon laquell=
e l'histoire =E9conomique et sociale serait r=E9gie par des lois universell=
es=2E Partisan du libre-=E9change, il a mis en garde contre les abus de
 l=
a finance=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"51761&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"htt=
p://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EX000OPMP9&mpvr=
s=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http:/=
/tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EY000OPMP9&mpvrs=
=3D00010867096D11118">Vincent de Gournay, pr=E9curseur du lib=E9ralisme et =
protectionniste</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Contemporain de Quesnay, Vin=
cent de Gournay r=E9pand ses id=E9es gr=E2ce =E0 son "Cercle"=2E Fondateur =
de
 la premi=E8re =E9cole de pens=E9e lib=E9rale, il pr=F4ne n=E9anmoins
=
 un lib=E9ralisme moins dogmatique et plus mod=E9r=E9 que celui des physioc=
rates=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"51975&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://=
tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5EZ000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D=
00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=
=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5F0000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000=
10867096D11118">Etienne Bonnot de Condillac : des sensations =E0
 la valeu=
r</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Condillac fait de
 la satisfaction des be=
soins
 le fondement de
 la valeur des choses=2E Oppos=E9 aux physiocrates=
 parce qu'il affirmait
 la productivit=E9 de toutes les activit=E9s et non=
 seulement de l'agriculture, il =E9tait n=E9anmoins favorable, comme eux, =
=E0 l'instauration de politiques lib=E9rales=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"52325=
&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKY=
G02MXXXXX000CQA001X5F1000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=
=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG0=
2MXXXXX000CQA001X5F2000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Jeremy Bentham, fon=
dateur de l'utilitarisme</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Partisan de l'aboli=
tion des privil=E8ges, Bentham analyse les plaisirs et les peines des indiv=
idus=2E D'abord disciple du lib=E9ralisme d'Adam Smith, il s'=E9loigne du l=
aisser-faire et donne =E0 l'Etat
 un r=F4le pr=E9pond=E9rant=2E<br>
<br>
=

<a name=3D"53134&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=
=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5F3000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">=
</a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2E=
aspx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5F4000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Sai=
nt-Simon, proph=E8te de l'industrialisme</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Pen=
seur du d=E9veloppement historique et r=E9formateur social, Saint-Simon ann=
once l'av=E8nement de l'=E2ge industriel, caract=E9ris=E9 par
 la supr=E9m=
atie de
 la science et
 le d=E9p=E9rissement de l'Etat=2E Le travail y oc=
cupe
 la place centrale=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"53480&id_publication=3D11=
70" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5=
F5000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;"=
 href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5F60=
00OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Henry Thornton, financier, =E9vang=E9lis=
te et philanthrope</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Humaniste, r=E9formateur =
et homme de foi, Henry Thornton est
 un th=E9oricien majeur de l'=E9conomi=
e mon=E9taire et bancaire=2E Analyste critique de
 la th=E9orie quantitati=
ve, il est l'un des premiers =E9conomistes =E0 comprendre que
 la monnaie =
est =E9troitement li=E9e au cr=E9dit=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"17272&id_publ=
ication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXX=
X000CQA001X5F7000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-=
size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX00=
0CQA001X5F8000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Fran=E7ois Quesnay, fondateu=
r de
 la physiocratie</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09A la fin du XVIIIe si=
=E8cle, Fran=E7ois Quesnay a =E9labor=E9 le premier mod=E8le macro=E9conomi=
que : le &#171; Tableau =E9conomique &raquo;=2E Ses id=E9es ont marqu=E9 l'=
histoire de la pens=E9e =E9conomique et influenc=E9 de nombreux auteurs, do=
nt Marx et Keynes=2E<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
<br>
<a name=3D"17408&id_pub=
lication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXX=
XX000CQA001X5F9000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font=
-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX0=
00CQA001X5FA000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Adam Smith, moins lib=E9ral=
 qu'il n'y para=EEt</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Adam Smith n'est pas
 l=
e farouche partisan d'un lib=E9ralisme =E9conomique radical qu'on pr=E9sent=
e souvent=2E Il se d=E9finit d'abord comme
 un moraliste et
 un philosoph=
e=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"17544&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=
=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FB000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000=
10867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2E=
bp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FC000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000108=
67096D11118">Say, pionnier de l'=E9conomie de l'offre</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=
=09=09=09
Jean-Baptiste Say consid=E9rait que l'offre cr=E9e sa propre dem=
ande=2E Une conception qui a provoqu=E9, et provoque encore, de nombreux d=
=E9bats=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"17687&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http:=
//tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FD000OPMP9&mpvrs=
=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://=
tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FE000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D=
00010867096D11118">David Ricardo, =E0 l'assaut du protectionnisme</a>
<br>=

=09=09=09=09=09=09
Architecte de
 la th=E9orie quantitative de
 la mon=
naie, p=E8re des th=E9ories de
 la valeur travail et des avantages compara=
tifs, David Ricardo incarne
 la quintessence de l'=E9conomie politique cla=
ssique=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"17833&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http:/=
/tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FF000OPMP9&mpvrs=
=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://=
tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FG000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D=
00010867096D11118">Malthus :
 un pol=E9miste n=E9</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=
=09=09
Malthus s'oppose =E0 l'Etat-providence, mais pr=E9figure les critiq=
ues de Keynes vis-=E0-vis de l'=E9conomie de l'offre de Say et Ricardo=2E<b=
r>
<br>
<a name=3D"17958&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=
=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FH000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D0001086709=
6D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2E=
net/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FI000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1=
1118">John Stuart Mill, moraliste, f=E9ministe et =E9cologiste</a>
<br>
=
=09=09=09=09=09=09
En mettant au premier plan
 la libert=E9 individuelle,=
 John Stuart Mill renouvelle les th=E8ses lib=E9rales classiques=2E Keynes =
est l'un de ses h=E9ritiers=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"18088&id_publication=
=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA=
001X5FJ000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 1=
3px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001=
X5FK000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Marx : admirateur et adversaire du =
capitalisme</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Analyste et critique du mode de =
production capitaliste, Karl Marx mettait
 la th=E9orie au service de
 la=
 transformation sociale=2E Son influence a =E9t=E9 consid=E9rable tout au l=
ong du XXe si=E8cle=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"18232&id_publication=3D1170" h=
ref=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FL000=
OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=
=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FM000OPM=
P9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">L=E9on Walras, fondateur de l'=E9conomie n=E9=
oclassique</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
En faisant de l'offre et de
 la =
demande
 le m=E9canisme central de l'=E9conomie, L=E9on Walras a r=E9volut=
ionn=E9
 la th=E9orie =E9conomique=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"18363&id_publi=
cation=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX=
000CQA001X5FN000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-s=
ize: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000=
CQA001X5FO000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Alfred Marshall,
 le fr=E8re=
 ennemi de Walras</a>

&nbsp;<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09 Th=E9oricien majeur=
, Alfred Marshall a fourni la pr=E9sentation canonique de l'=E9quilibre ent=
re l'offre et la demande, ainsi que de nombreux instruments dont se servent=
 toujours les =E9conomistes=2E <br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09=09=
=09=09<a name=3D"18486&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2En=
et/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FP000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11=
118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/=
r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FQ000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118=
">Thorstein Veblen, pionnier de l'institutionnalisme</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=
=09=09=09
Critique impitoyable de
 la soci=E9t=E9 de son temps, Veblen ou=
vre
 la voie =E0 l'opposition h=E9t=E9rodoxe contre
 la domination de
 l=
a pens=E9e n=E9oclassique=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"18788&id_publication=3D1=
170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X=
5FR000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;=
" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FS=
000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Knut Wicksell, iconoclaste m=E9connu</a=
>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Grand architecte de
 la th=E9orie n=E9oclassi=
que, Knut Wicksell =E9tait =E9galement
 un r=E9formateur radical et
 un l=
ibre penseur=2E Keynes comme Hayek se r=E9clamaient de lui=2E<br>
<br>
<a=
 name=3D"18942&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2E=
aspx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FT000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a=
>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easp=
x?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FU000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Rosa L=
uxemburg, th=E9oricienne exigeante et r=E9volutionnaire passionn=E9e</a>
<=
br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Femme de conviction et d'action, Rosa luxemburg es=
t aussi une th=E9oricienne majeure de l'=E9conomie politique=2E Son oeuvre =
porte principalement sur
 la dynamique de l'accumulation du capital=2E<br>=

<a name=3D"De Keynes =E0 Stiglitz" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Ea=
spx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FV000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>=


<div style=3D"margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 1px=
 solid rgb(204, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdan=
a,sans-serif; color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">De Keynes =E0 Stig=
litz</div><br>
<a name=3D"21479&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=
=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FW000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000=
10867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2E=
bp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FX000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000108=
67096D11118">" Keynes a encore beaucoup de choses =E0 nous dire "</a>

<b=
r>
<i>=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09=09Entretien avec=09=09=09=09Gilles Do=
staler </i><br>Dans cet entretien effectu=E9 =E0 l=92occasion de la publica=
tion en 2005, aux =E9ditions Albin Michel, de son ouvrage <span style=3D"fo=
nt-style: italic;">Keynes et ses combats</span>, Gilles Dostaler revenait s=
ur des =E9l=E9ments de la vie et de la pens=E9e de Keynes replac=E9s dans l=
e contexte de l=92=E9poque=2E<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09&nbsp; <br>
=09=09=09=
=09=09=09<a name=3D"19242&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=
=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FY000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D0001086709=
6D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2E=
net/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5FZ000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1=
1118">John Maynard Keynes ou l'=E9conomie au service du politique et du soc=
ial</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
En faisant de
 la demande
 le moteur d=
e
 la production, de l'emploi et du revenu, Keynes a r=E9volutionn=E9 l'an=
alyse =E9conomique=2E La multiplicit=E9 des =E9conomistes qui se r=E9clamen=
t de lui traduit l'influence consid=E9rable de ce ma=EEtre du XXe si=E8cle=
=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"19385&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=
=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5G0000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000=
10867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2E=
bp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5G1000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000108=
67096D11118">Joseph Schumpeter ou
 la dynamique du capitalisme</a>
<br>
=
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Joseph Schumpeter, qui a mis en =E9vidence
 le r=F4le =
de l'entrepreneur, =E9tait pourtant convaincu que
 le capitalisme =E9tait =
condamn=E9=2E Portrait d'un =E9conomiste inclassable=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=
=3D"19537&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?=
GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5G2000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

=
<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=
=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5G3000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Friedrich H=
ayek, h=E9t=E9rodoxe et lib=E9ral</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Friedrich =
Hayek s'impose comme
 le principal th=E9oricien de
 la nouvelle pens=E9e =
lib=E9rale qui d=E9ferle =E0 partir des ann=E9es 70=2E Zoom sur
 un non-co=
nformiste au pays des lib=E9raux=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"19692&id_publicat=
ion=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000=
CQA001X5G4000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size=
: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA=
001X5G5000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Gunnar Myrdal, architecte de l'E=
tat-providence</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Economiste et homme politique=
 su=E9dois, Gunnar Myrdal a particip=E9 =E0 l'=E9laboration du fameux mod=
=E8le su=E9dois d'Etat-providence=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"19841&id_publica=
tion=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX00=
0CQA001X5G6000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-siz=
e: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQ=
A001X5G7000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Joan Robinson, rebelle =E0 tout=
es les orthodoxies</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Disciple de Keynes, Joan =
Robinson a apport=E9 une contribution majeure =E0
 la th=E9orie =E9conomiq=
ue=2E Son statut de femme et son franc-parler l'ont cependant emp=EAch=E9e =
d'=EAtre reconnue comme elle
 le m=E9ritait=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"20008=
&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKY=
G02MXXXXX000CQA001X5G8000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=
=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG0=
2MXXXXX000CQA001X5G9000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">John Richard Hicks,=
 l'=E9conomiste des =E9conomistes</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Initiateur=
 de
 la synth=E8se n=E9oclassique, John Hicks a forg=E9 de nombreux instru=
ments analytiques toujours tr=E8s utilis=E9s, notamment
 le mod=E8le IS-LM=
=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"20172&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=
=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GA000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000=
10867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2E=
bp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GB000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000108=
67096D11118">G=E9rard Debreu ou l'=E9conomie comme math=E9matiques appliqu=
=E9es</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Architecte de
 la nouvelle orthodoxie=
 n=E9oclassique, G=E9rard Debreu a donn=E9 =E0
 la th=E9orie de l'=E9quili=
bre =E9conomique g=E9n=E9ral sa formulation d=E9finitive=2E Il est aussi l'=
un des principaux artisans de
 la math=E9matisation de l'=E9conomie=2E<br>=

<br>
<a name=3D"20548&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=
=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GC000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D0001086709=
6D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2E=
net/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GD000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1=
1118">Milton Friedman, crois=E9 du lib=E9ralisme</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=
=09
Durant toute sa carri=E8re, Milton Friedman a bataill=E9 contre
 le k=
eyn=E9sianisme et l'intervention de l'Etat dans l'=E9conomie=2E<br>
<br>
=
<a name=3D"60963&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=
=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GE000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">=
</a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2E=
aspx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GF000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Pau=
l M=2E Sweezy,
 un marxiste en terre am=E9ricaine</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=
=09=09Th=E9oricien fameux de l'=E9conomie marxiste, mais non orthodoxe, Pau=
l Sweezy a analys=E9 le capitalisme monopoliste et renouvel=E9 l'interpr=E9=
tation de la valeur et des prix=2E<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
<br>
<a name=
=3D"47939&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?=
GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GG000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

=
<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=
=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GH000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Fran=E7ois =
Perroux ou l'=E9conomie au service de l'homme</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09=

Fran=E7ois Perroux =E9tablit une repr=E9sentation originale de l'=E9conom=
ie et de sa place dans
 la soci=E9t=E9, inspir=E9e, entre autres, par Schu=
mpeter, Hayek, Robinson ou Kalecki=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"21012&id_public=
ation=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX0=
00CQA001X5GI000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-si=
ze: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000C=
QA001X5GJ000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Piero Sraffa ou
 le retour de=
 Ricardo</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Th=E9oricien majeur du XXe si=E8cle=
, l'=E9conomiste italien Piero Sraffa a analys=E9 les insuffisances de
 la=
 th=E9orie n=E9oclassique et r=E9habilit=E9 les auteurs comme Marx et Ricar=
do=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"21329&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=
=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GK000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000=
10867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2E=
bp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GL000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000108=
67096D11118">John Kenneth Galbraith, pourfendeur des =E9conomistes et de l'=
=E9conomie</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Iconoclaste, provocateur et =E9cr=
ivain prolifique, John Kenneth Galbraith a battu en br=E8che les mythes du =
capitalisme et =E9tudi=E9 les r=E9alit=E9s des =E9conomies modernes=2E Son =
analyse a mis =E0 jour
 la puissance des technostructures et fait de l'Eta=
t
 un n=E9cessaire garde-fou=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"21973&id_publication=
=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA=
001X5GM000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 1=
3px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001=
X5GN000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Paul A=2E Samuelson,
 le dernier g=
=E9n=E9raliste</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Economiste pr=E9coce, prolifi=
que et g=E9n=E9raliste, Paul A=2E Samuelson a transform=E9
 la mani=E8re d=
e faire de l'=E9conomie =E0 partir du milieu du XXe si=E8cle, en formalisan=
t, au moyen des math=E9matiques, tous les domaines de
 la th=E9orie=2E<br>=

<br>
<a name=3D"22131&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=
=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GO000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D0001086709=
6D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2E=
net/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GP000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1=
1118">Andr=E9 Gunder Frank, penseur de l'=E9conomie mondiale et de
 la d=
=E9pendance</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Economiste atypique, Andr=E9 Gun=
der Frank a renouvel=E9 l'analyse du sous-d=E9veloppement et de l'=E9conomi=
e mondiale=2E Sa pens=E9e critique et visionnaire de l'=E9volution du capit=
alisme fait de
 la domination occidentale une =E9tape transitoire=2E<br>
=
<br>
<a name=3D"22303&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2En=
et/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GQ000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11=
118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/=
r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GR000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118=
">Kenneth J=2E Arrow et les limites des choix collectifs</a>
<br>
=09=09=
=09=09=09=09
Auteur prolixe depuis cinquante ans, Kenneth Arrow s'est part=
iculi=E8rement illustr=E9 par sa th=E9orie des choix sociaux et celle de l'=
=E9quilibre g=E9n=E9ral concurrentiel dont il a analys=E9 les limites=2E<br=
>
<br>
<a name=3D"22473&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=
=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GS000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D0001086709=
6D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2E=
net/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GT000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1=
1118">Amartya Sen, l'=E9conomie au service du d=E9veloppement humain</a>
<=
br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Economiste autant que philosophe, pr=E9occup=E9 pa=
r l'=E9thique,
 le d=E9veloppement,
 la pauvret=E9 et
 la famine, Amarty=
a Sen =E9tudie
 la r=E9alit=E9 sociale en associant rigueur th=E9orique et=
 analyse concr=E8te=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"22657&id_publication=3D1170" h=
ref=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GU000=
OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=
=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GV000OPM=
P9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Robert Lucas et
 le rejet des politiques =E9=
conomiques</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Fer de lance de
 la nouvelle mac=
ro=E9conomie classique fond=E9e sur l'hypoth=E8se de l'=E9quilibre des marc=
h=E9s et des anticipations rationnelles, Robert Lucas a men=E9 une critique=
 radicale de l'efficacit=E9 des politiques =E9conomiques=2E<br>
<br>
<a n=
ame=3D"22833&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Eas=
px?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GW000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>
=


<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?=
GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5GX000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Wassily =
Leontief, cr=E9ateur de l'analyse interindustrielle</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=
=09=09
Economiste am=E9ricain d'origine russe, Wassily Leontief a renouvel=
=E9 l'=E9tude de l'=E9conomie gr=E2ce =E0 son analyse interindustrielle=2E =
Ce mod=E8le d'=E9quilibre fond=E9 sur des donn=E9es empiriques a boulevers=
=E9
 la m=E9thodologie de
 la discipline=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"23003&i=
d_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG0=
2MXXXXX000CQA001X5GY000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D=
"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MX=
XXXX000CQA001X5GZ000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Robert Solow, pionnier=
 de
 la th=E9orie de
 la croissance</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Econom=
iste keyn=E9sien, Robert Solow est =E0 l'origine de
 la th=E9orie n=E9ocla=
ssique de
 la croissance=2E Son analyse a mis en lumi=E8re
 le r=F4le d=
=E9terminant du progr=E8s technique=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"23162&id_publi=
cation=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX=
000CQA001X5H0000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-s=
ize: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000=
CQA001X5H1000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Robert Mundell, parrain de l'=
euro</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Sp=E9cialiste des relations mon=E9taire=
s internationales, Robert Mundell a cherch=E9 =E0 appliquer
 la th=E9orie =
keyn=E9sienne =E0 une =E9conomie ouverte=2E Pour contrer
 la volatilit=E9 =
des taux de change, il pr=E9conise
 la constitution de zones mon=E9taires =
optimales et
 la mise en place d'une monnaie internationale unique=2E<br>
=

<br>
<a name=3D"23323&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2E=
net/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5H2000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1=
1118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet=
/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5H3000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1111=
8">Albert Hirschman, penseur iconoclaste du capitalisme</a>
<br>
=09=09=
=09=09=09=09
Homme engag=E9, Albert Hirschman a laiss=E9 sa marque sur les=
 th=E9ories du d=E9veloppement et sur l'=E9tude de
 la soci=E9t=E9 capital=
iste=2E Rejetant les interpr=E9tations =E9conomiques monocausales, il puise=
 dans diverses sciences sociales pour expliquer les transformations du mond=
e=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"23483&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=
=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5H4000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000=
10867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2E=
bp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5H5000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000108=
67096D11118">Roy Harrod, cr=E9ateur de
 la th=E9orie de
 la croissance</a=
>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Philosophe et =E9conomiste, ami et collaborate=
ur de Keynes, Roy Harrod a =E9labor=E9
 un mod=E8le dynamique de
 la croi=
ssance capitaliste et montr=E9 son caract=E8re profond=E9ment instable=2E<b=
r>
<br>
<a name=3D"23853&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=
=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5H6000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D0001086709=
6D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2E=
net/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5H7000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1=
1118">Franco Modigliani ou
 le keyn=E9sianisme =E9dulcor=E9</a>
<br>
=09=
=09=09=09=09=09
Franco Modigliani, initiateur de
 la synth=E8se n=E9oclas=
sique, tente de r=E9concilier l'analyse keyn=E9sienne et
 la micro=E9conom=
ie de Walras=2E Au prix d'une amputation des apports les plus novateurs de =
l'auteur de "La Th=E9orie g=E9n=E9rale"=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"24007&id_p=
ublication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MX=
XXXX000CQA001X5H8000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"fo=
nt-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXX=
X000CQA001X5H9000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Nicholas Kaldor, de
 la =
droite =E0
 la gauche de Keynes</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Nicholas Ka=
ldor a interrog=E9
 la dynamique des =E9conomies modernes et contribu=E9 a=
u d=E9veloppement de
 la th=E9orie de
 la concurrence imparfaite=2E Parti=
san de l'intervention de l'Etat, il a aussi =E9t=E9 tr=E8s actif sur
 le t=
errain des politiques =E9conomiques=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"24186&id_publi=
cation=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX=
000CQA001X5HA000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-s=
ize: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000=
CQA001X5HB000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Maurice Allais, pr=E9curseur =
m=E9connu et lib=E9ral h=E9t=E9rodoxe</a>

&nbsp;<i>(article en acc=E8s l=
ibre)</i><br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Economiste et physicien, Maurice Allais,=
 a =E9t=E9 =E9tiquet=E9 altermondialiste, conservateur, lib=E9ral ou interv=
entionniste=2E Pourtant, lib=E9ral h=E9t=E9rodoxe est ce qui
 le qualifie
=

 le mieux=2E <a class=3D"font-size:13px; " href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet=
/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HC000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1111=
8"> Lire=A0la=A0suite</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09=
<a name=3D"24339&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=
=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HD000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">=
</a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2E=
aspx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HE000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Edm=
und Phelps, =E0
 la crois=E9e des =E9coles de macro=E9conomie</a>
<br>
=
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Economiste inclassable, Edmund Phelps a principalement =
=E9tudi=E9 les imperfections du march=E9 du travail=2E Son approche, plural=
iste, brise les barri=E8res entre macro et micro=E9conomie=2E<br>
<br>
<a=
 name=3D"24666&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2E=
aspx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HF000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a=
>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easp=
x?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HG000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Simon =
Kuznets, mesurer et expliquer
 la richesse des nations</a>
<br>
=09=09=
=09=09=09=09
Qualifi=E9 de "g=E9ant de l'=E9conomie du XXe si=E8cle" par P=
aul Samuelson, Simon Kuznets a eu pour principale pr=E9occupation l'=E9tude=
 de
 la croissance =E9conomique et
 la r=E9partition des revenus=2E<br>
=
<br>
<a name=3D"24812&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2En=
et/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HH000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11=
118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/=
r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HI000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118=
">Ernest Mandel, ou
 la fid=E9lit=E9 =E0 Marx</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=
=09
Intellectuel et militant politique actif, Ernest Mandel a actualis=E9
=

 la th=E9orie de Karl Marx en
 la confrontant aux probl=E8mes =E9conomiqu=
es contemporains=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"24951&id_publication=3D1170" href=
=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HJ000OPM=
P9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D=
"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HK000OPMP9&=
mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Edmond Malinvaud, expliquer et combattre
 le ch=
=F4mage</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Economiste math=E9maticien, inspirat=
eur de l'Ecole du d=E9s=E9quilibre, Edmond Malinvaud allie
 la micro et
 =
la macro=E9conomie, notamment dans son analyse du ch=F4mage=2E<br>
<br>
<=
a name=3D"25092&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=
=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HL000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">=
</a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2E=
aspx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HM000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Hym=
an Minsky et
 le capitalisme rong=E9 par l'instabilit=E9 financi=E8re</a>
=

<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
En faisant une synth=E8se originale de Keynes et=
 Schumpeter, Hyman Minsky a analys=E9
 le r=F4le de
 la monnaie, de
 la =
banque et des finances comme sources principales de l'instabilit=E9 du capi=
talisme=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"27337&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http:=
//tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HN000OPMP9&mpvrs=
=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://=
tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HO000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D=
00010867096D11118">Samir Amin et
 le capitalisme comme syst=E8me mondial =
=E0 d=E9passer</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Chercheur, =E9crivain et mili=
tant politique, Samir Amin m=E8ne une critique radicale du capitalisme, car=
act=E9ris=E9 comme
 un syst=E8me =E0
 la fois mondial et imp=E9rialiste=
=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"31537&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=
=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HP000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000=
10867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2E=
bp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HQ000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000108=
67096D11118">James Tobin, keyn=E9sien mod=E9r=E9 et critique radical du n=
=E9olib=E9ralisme</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Auteur prolifique et homme=
 engag=E9, James Tobin a particip=E9 =E0 l'=E9laboration de
 la synth=E8se=
 n=E9oclassique et jet=E9 les fondements de
 la th=E9orie moderne des fina=
nces=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"31819&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://t=
r1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HR000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D0=
0010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=
=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HS000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D000=
10867096D11118">Michio Morishima, Confucius, Marx et
 la croissance</a>
<=
br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Economiste math=E9maticien, Michio Morishima a con=
tribu=E9 =E0
 la th=E9orie de
 la croissance qu'il analyse en dynamique=
=2E Sa synth=E8se originale r=E9concilie
 la pens=E9e de Marx et celle de =
Walras, jug=E9es jusque-l=E0 antagonistes=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"34146&id=
_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02=
MXXXXX000CQA001X5HT000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"=
font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXX=
XXX000CQA001X5HU000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Ronald Coase, pionnier =
de
 la nouvelle =E9conomie institutionnelle</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
=

Economiste atypique, tr=E8s t=F4t int=E9ress=E9 par l'=E9conomie industrie=
lle, Ronald Coase a mis en =E9vidence l'existence des co=FBts de transactio=
n et interrog=E9 l'efficacit=E9 des r=E9glementations publiques=2E<br>
<br=
>
<a name=3D"35353&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/=
r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HV000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118=
"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=
=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HW000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">=
Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen et l'impasse de
 la croissance =E9conomique</a>
=

<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Brillant =E9conomiste, math=E9maticien rompant a=
vec
 la th=E9orie =E9conomique orthodoxe et incompris par ses pairs, Nicho=
las Georgescu-Roegen a attir=E9 l'attention, vingt ans avant tout
 le mond=
e, sur les d=E9g=E2ts de
 la croissance sur l'environnement=2E<br>
<br>
=
<a name=3D"35901&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=
=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HX000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">=
</a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2E=
aspx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HY000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Irm=
a Adelman et
 le d=E9veloppement au service de
 la lutte contre
 la pauv=
ret=E9</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Econom=E8tre de formation, Irma Adelm=
an met les outils math=E9matiques au service d'une analyse qui fait de
 la=
 croissance
 un processus quantitatif, et du d=E9veloppement
 un processu=
s qualitatif et social=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"36438&id_publication=3D1170=
" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5HZ=
000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" h=
ref=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5I0000=
OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">William J=2E Baumol,
 un =E9conomiste hor=
s des sentiers battus</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Auteur prolifique et m=
ath=E9maticien accompli, William Jack Baumol a investi de nombreux champs d=
e recherche=2E Ses r=E9flexions sur
 la productivit=E9 et sa th=E9orie des=
 march=E9s contestables sont des contributions majeures=2E<br>
<br>
<a na=
me=3D"36871&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easp=
x?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5I1000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>
=

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?G=
V1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5I2000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Maurice H=
=2E Dobb,
 un marxiste appr=E9ci=E9 de l'establishment</a>
<br>
=09=09=
=09=09=09=09
Historien de
 la pens=E9e =E9conomique, membre du Parti comm=
uniste britannique de 1922 jusqu'=E0 sa mort, Maurice Dobb fut
 le seul =
=E9conomiste marxiste =E0 =EAtre accept=E9 et respect=E9 dans
 la sph=E8re=
 acad=E9mique anglaise=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"37453&id_publication=3D1170=
" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5I3=
000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" h=
ref=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5I4000=
OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Frank Hahn, d=E9fenseur sceptique de l'=E9=
quilibre g=E9n=E9ral</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Economiste n=E9oclassiq=
ue, pourfendeur de l'ultralib=E9ralisme comme du marxisme, Frank Hahn est
=
 un artisan majeur et
 un critique impitoyable de l'approche =E9conomique =
dominante=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"39272&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"htt=
p://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5I5000OPMP9&mpvr=
s=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http:/=
/tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5I6000OPMP9&mpvrs=
=3D00010867096D11118">Don Patinkin, conciliateur du mon=E9taire et du r=E9e=
l</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Th=E9oricien m=E9ticuleux et historien de
=

 la pens=E9e, Don Patinkin est l'un des architectes de
 la synth=E8se n=
=E9oclassique=2E Il a cherch=E9 =E0 donner =E0
 la macro=E9conomie keyn=E9=
sienne des fondements micro=E9conomiques rigoureux, en int=E9grant th=E9ori=
e mon=E9taire et th=E9orie r=E9elle=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"40616&id_publi=
cation=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX=
000CQA001X5I7000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-s=
ize: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000=
CQA001X5I8000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Douglass C=2E North, une autr=
e approche de l'histoire</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Form=E9 =E0 l'=E9co=
le n=E9oclassique mais penseur atypique, Douglass North est l'un des fondat=
eurs de l'histoire =E9conom=E9trique et de l'=E9conomie institutionnelle=2E=
 Sa d=E9marche allie th=E9ories =E9conomique, politique, sociale et science=
s cognitives=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"40868&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"=
http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5I9000OPMP9&m=
pvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"htt=
p://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IA000OPMP9&mpvr=
s=3D00010867096D11118">Mark Blaug, analyste de
 la discipline =E9conomique=
</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
Economiste cosmopolite, intellectuel =E9rud=
it =E0 l'esprit critique, Mark Blaug a principalement investi l'histoire de=
s id=E9es et
 la m=E9thodologie de l'=E9conomie=2E<br>
<br>
<a name=3D"3=
4906&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=
=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IB000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a =
style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3D=
JKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IC000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Joseph Stiglit=
z, critique de
 la mondialisation n=E9olib=E9rale=2E</a>
<br>
=09=09=09=
=09=09=09
Analyste et pourfendeur du fanatisme du march=E9, Joseph Stiglit=
z a produit une oeuvre th=E9orique importante=2E Il a contribu=E9 =E0 fonde=
r l'=E9conomie de l'information puis
 la nouvelle =E9conomie keyn=E9sienne=
=2E<br>
<a name=3D"Du &#171; prix Nobel d=92=E9conomie &raquo;" href=3D"ht=
tp://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5ID000OPMP9&mpv=
rs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<div style=3D"margin-top: 20px; margin-bott=
om: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 0, 0); font-size: 18px; font-fa=
mily: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif; color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-weigh=
t: bold;">Du &#171; prix Nobel d'=E9conomie &raquo;</div><br>
<a name=3D"2=
1809&id_publication=3D1170" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=
=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IE000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"></a>

<a =
style=3D"font-size: 13px;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3D=
JKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IF000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Le "prix Nobel=
 d'=E9conomie" : une habile mystification</a>

&nbsp;<i>(article en acc=
=E8s libre)</i><br>
=09=09=09=09=09=09
=09=09=09=09=09=09D=E8s sa cr=E9at=
ion, en 1969, le &#171; prix de la Banque centrale de Su=E8de en sciences =
=E9conomiques en m=E9moire d'Alfred Nobel &raquo; a =E9t=E9 confondu avec l=
e prestigieux &#171; prix Nobel &raquo;=2E Des voix s'=E9l=E8vent depuis po=
ur mettre fin =E0 cette tromperie=2E <a class=3D"font-size:13px; " href=3D"=
http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IG000OPMP9&m=
pvrs=3D00010867096D11118"> Lire=A0la=A0suite</a>

<br>
<br>
=09=09=09=
=09=09=09<br>
=09=09=09=09=09</div></td><td width=3D"15"><br></td><td styl=
e=3D"vertical-align: top; width: 200px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255=
);"><table style=3D"text-align: left;" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0"><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align: top; font-size: 13px;"><div s=
tyle=3D"text-align: center; border-width: 2px 2px 1px 1px; border-style: so=
lid; border-color: rgb(168, 167, 152) rgb(168, 167, 152) rgb(168, 167, 152)=
 rgb(228, 227, 206);"><br>
<br>
<div style=3D"text-align: center;">
=09=
=09=09=09=09=09<span style=3D"font-size: 18px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica=
,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: bold;">En vente <br>
=E9galement</span><=
/div><br><a href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000=
CQA001X5IH000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"><img style=3D"border: 1px sol=
id rgb(228, 227, 206);" src=3D"http://www=2Ealternatives-economiques=2Efr/p=
ics_bdd/produit_visuel/1348499819_001_317_couv=2Ejpg" alt=3D"" class=3D"mag=
azine"></a>

<br><br><div style=3D"text-align: center; font-family: Arial=
,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style=3D"font-size: 16px;"><a style=
=3D"color: rgb(196, 37, 37); text-decoration: none;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Eb=
p51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5II000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D0001086=
7096D11118">Rigueur, l'overdose</a>

</span><br>N=B0317 - Octobre 2012<br=
><a href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5=
IJ000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">commande en ligne</a>

<br><br><br>=
</div><br><a href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX00=
0CQA001X5IK000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"><img style=3D"border: 1px so=
lid rgb(228, 227, 206);" src=3D"http://www=2Ealternatives-economiques=2Efr/=
pics_bdd/produit_visuel/1349787212_HS94=2Ejpg" alt=3D"" class=3D"magazine">=
</a>

<br><br><div style=3D"text-align: center; font-family: Arial,Helvet=
ica,Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style=3D"font-size: 16px;"><a style=3D"color=
: rgb(196, 37, 37); text-decoration: none;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet=
/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IL000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D1111=
8">Les chiffres 2013</a>

</span><br>N=B094 - Octobre 2012<br><a href=3D"=
http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IM000OPMP9&m=
pvrs=3D00010867096D11118">commande en ligne</a>

<br><br><br></div><br><a=
 href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IN0=
00OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"><img style=3D"border: 1px solid rgb(228,=
 227, 206);" src=3D"http://www=2Ealternatives-economiques=2Efr/pics_bdd/pro=
duit_visuel/1346406205_AI56_COUV=2Ejpg" alt=3D"" class=3D"magazine"></a>

=

<br><br><div style=3D"text-align: center; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Ver=
dana,sans-serif;"><span style=3D"font-size: 16px;"><a style=3D"color: rgb(1=
96, 37, 37); text-decoration: none;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Ea=
spx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IO000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Obam=
a, quel bilan ?</a>

</span><br>N=B056 - Septembre 2012<br><a href=3D"htt=
p://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IP000OPMP9&mpvr=
s=3D00010867096D11118">commande en ligne</a>

<br><br><br></div><br><a hr=
ef=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IQ000O=
PMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"><img style=3D"border: 1px solid rgb(228, 22=
7, 206);" src=3D"http://www=2Ealternatives-economiques=2Efr/pics_bdd/produi=
t_visuel/1340874286_AI_HS11COUV=2Ejpg" alt=3D"" class=3D"magazine"></a>

=
<br><br><div style=3D"text-align: center; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verd=
ana,sans-serif;"><span style=3D"font-size: 16px;"><a style=3D"color: rgb(19=
6, 37, 37); text-decoration: none;" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Eas=
px?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IR000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Les g=
uerres des mati=E8res premi=E8res</a>

</span><br>N=B011 - Juillet 2012<b=
r><a href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X=
5IS000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">commande en ligne</a>

<br><br><br=
></div><br><a href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX0=
00CQA001X5IT000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"><img style=3D"border: 1px s=
olid rgb(228, 227, 206);" src=3D"http://www=2Ealternatives-economiques=2Efr=
/pics_bdd/produit_visuel/1342009813_001_EcoPo55_couv=2Ejpg" alt=3D"" class=
=3D"magazine"></a>

<br><br><div style=3D"text-align: center; font-family=
: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style=3D"font-size: 16px;"><a =
style=3D"color: rgb(196, 37, 37); text-decoration: none;" href=3D"http://tr=
1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IU000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00=
010867096D11118">Quelle th=E9orie =E9conomique d'apr=E8s-crise ?</a>

</s=
pan><br>N=B055 - Juillet 2012<br><br>
<a href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r=
5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IV000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118"=
>commande en ligne</a>

<br><br><br></div></div><br><div style=3D"padding=
: 15px 5px 5px; text-align: left; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(22=
9, 229, 229);"><div style=3D"border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><a sty=
le=3D"text-decoration: none; color: rgb(204, 0, 0);" href=3D"http://tr1=2Eb=
p51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IW000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D0001086=
7096D11118">Notes de lecture</a>

</div><br>
<div style=3D"border-bottom=
: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><a style=3D"text-decoration: none; color: rgb(20=
4, 0, 0);" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000C=
QA001X5IX000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Chroniques</a>

</div><br>
=
<div style=3D"border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><a style=3D"text-deco=
ration: none; color: rgb(204, 0, 0);" href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2E=
aspx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IY000OPMP9&mpvrs=3D00010867096D11118">Age=
nda</a>

</div><br>
<div style=3D"border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);=
"><a style=3D"text-decoration: none; color: rgb(204, 0, 0);" href=3D"http:/=
/tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA001X5IZ000OPMP9&mpvrs=
=3D00010867096D11118">Les blogs</a>

</div><br>
</div><br>
<br>
<div s=
tyle=3D"font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,Verdana,sans-serif;">=
N'h=E9sitez pas =E0&nbsp;transf=E9rer la&nbsp;newsletter d'Alternatives&nbs=
p;Economiques=2E<br>

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style=3D"font-size: 11px;">Pour vous d=E9sabonner de cette lettre d'informa=
tion <a href=3D"http://tr1=2Ebp51=2Enet/r5=2Easpx?GV1=3DJKYG02MXXXXX000CQA0=
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